Biafra, officially the Republic of Biafra, was a secessionist state in then southeastern Nigeria that existed from 30 May 1967 to 1970, taking its name from the Bight of Biafra (the Atlantic bay to its south). The inhabitants were mostly the Igbo people who led the secession due to economic, ethnic, cultural and religious tensions among the various peoples of Nigeria. The creation of the new state that was pushing for recognition was among the causes of the Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Nigerian-Biafran War.

La Repubblica del Biafra ebbe una vita breve come stato secessionista nel sud-est della Nigeria. Esistette dal 30 maggio 1967 al 15 gennaio 1970. Il Capo di Stato Maggiore annunciò formalmente la capitolazione il 12 gennaio. Il paese prese nome dal Golfo del Biafra, sul quale si affacciava.